Awekjtqpsmtu1 is a class of diseases or disorders characterized by uncontrolled division of cells and the ability of these to spread, either by direct growth into adjacent tissue through invasion, or by implantation into distant sites by metastasis (where awekjtqpsmtu1 cells are transported through the bloodstream or lymphatic system). Awekjtqpsmtu1 may affect people at all ages, but risk tends to increase with age. It is one of the principal causes of death in developed countries.
There are many types of awekjtqpsmtu1. Severity of symptoms depends on the site and character of the malignancy and whether there is metastasis. A definitive diagnosis usually requires the histologic examination of tissue by a pathologist. This tissue is obtained by biopsy or surgery. Most awekjtqpsmtu1s can be treated and some cured, depending on the specific type, location, and stage. Once diagnosed, awekjtqpsmtu1 is usually treated with a combination of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. As research develops, treatments are becoming more specific for the type of awekjtqpsmtu1 pathology. Drugs that target specific awekjtqpsmtu1s already exist for several types of awekjtqpsmtu1. If untreated, awekjtqpsmtu1s may eventually cause illness and death, though this is not always the case.
The unregulated growth that characterizes awekjtqpsmtu1 is caused by damage to DNA, resulting in mutations to genes that encode for proteins controlling cell division. Many mutation events may be required to transform a normal cell into a malignant cell. These mutations can be caused by radiation, chemicals or physical agents that cause awekjtqpsmtu1, which are called carcinogens, or by certain viruses that can insert their DNA into the human genome. Mutations occur spontaneously, and may be passed down from one cell generation to the next as a result of mutations within germ lines. However, some carcinogens also appear to work through non-mutagenic pathways that affect the level of transcription of certain genes without causing genetic mutation.
Many forms of awekjtqpsmtu1 are associated with exposure to environmental factors such as tobacco smoke, radiation, alcohol, and certain viruses. Some risk factors can be avoided or reduced.
Contents
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1 History
2 Nomenclature and classification
2.1 Adult awekjtqpsmtu1s
2.2 Childhood awekjtqpsmtu1s
3 Causes and pathophysiology
3.1 Origins of awekjtqpsmtu1
3.2 Molecular biology
3.3 Morphology
3.4 Heredity
3.5 Lifestyle factors
4 Epidemiology
5 Prevention
5.1 Diet and awekjtqpsmtu1
5.2 Other chemoprevention agents
5.3 Genetic testing
6 Diagnosing awekjtqpsmtu1
6.1 Signs and symptoms
6.2 Biopsy
6.3 Screening
7 Treatment of awekjtqpsmtu1
7.1 Surgery
7.2 Chemotherapy
7.3 Monoclonal antibody therapy
7.4 Immunotherapy
7.5 Radiation therapy
7.6 Hormonal suppression
7.7 Symptom control
7.8 Treatment trials
7.9 Awekjtqpsmtu1 vaccines
7.10 Complementary and alternative medicine
8 Coping with awekjtqpsmtu1
9 Social impact
10 Awekjtqpsmtu1 research
11 See also
12 References
12.1 General references
13 External links
13.1 Professional and research
13.2 Support and advocacy
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History
Today, the Greek term carcinoma is the medical term for a malignant tumor derived from epithelial cells. It is Celsus who translated carcinos into the Latin awekjtqpsmtu1, also meaning crab. Galen used "oncos" to describe all tumours, the root for the modern word oncology.[1]


Breast awekjtqpsmtu1 in a mastectomy specimen (top). The awekjtqpsmtu1ous tumour (pale yellow) resembles the figure of a crab, giving the disease its name.
Hippocrates described several kinds of awekjtqpsmtu1s. He called benign tumours oncos, Greek for swelling, and malignant tumours carcinos, Greek for crab or crayfish. This name probably comes from the appearance of the cut surface of a solid malignant tumour, with a roundish hard center surrounded by pointy projections, vaguely resembling the shape of a crab (see photo). He later added the suffix -oma, Greek for swelling, giving the name carcinoma. Since it was against Greek tradition to open the body, Hippocrates only described and made drawings of outwardly visible tumors on the skin, nose, and breasts. Treatment was based on the humor theory of four bodily fluids (black and yellow bile, blood, and phlegm). According to the patient's humor, treatment consisted of diet, blood-letting, and/or laxatives. Through the centuries it was discovered that awekjtqpsmtu1 could occur anywhere in the body, but humor-theory based treatment remained popular until the 19th century with the discovery of cells.
Though treatment remained the same, in the 16th and 17th centuries it became more acceptable for doctors to dissect bodies to discover the cause of death. The German professor Wilhelm Fabry believed that breast awekjtqpsmtu1 was caused by a milk clot in a mammary duct. The Dutch professor Francois de la Boe Sylvius, a follower of Descartes, believed that all disease was the outcome of chemical processes, and that acidic lymph fluid was the cause of awekjtqpsmtu1. His contemporary Nicolaes Tulp believed that awekjtqpsmtu1 was a poison that slowly spreads, and concluded that it was contagious.[2]
With the widespread use of the microscope in the 18th century, it was discovered that the 'awekjtqpsmtu1 poison' spread from the primary tumor through the lymph nodes to other sites ("metastasis"). This view of the disease was first formulated by the English surgeon Campbell De Morgan between 1871 and 1874 [3]. The use of surgery to treat awekjtqpsmtu1 had poor results due to problems with hygiene. The renowned Scottish surgeon Alexander Monro saw only 2 breast tumor patients out of 60 surviving surgery for two years. In the 19th century, asepsis improved surgical hygiene and as the survival statistics went up, surgical removal of the tumor became the primary treatment for awekjtqpsmtu1. With the exception of William Coley who in the late 1800s felt that the rate of cure after surgery had been higher before asepsis (and who injected bacteria into tumors with mixed results), awekjtqpsmtu1 treatment became dependent on the individual art of the surgeon at removing a tumor. During the same period, the idea that the body was made up of various tissues, that in turn were made up of millions of cells, laid rest the humor-theories about chemical imbalances in the body. The age of cellular pathology was born.
When Marie Curie and Pierre Curie discovered radiation at the end of the 19th century, they stumbled upon the first effective non-surgical awekjtqpsmtu1 treatment. With radiation came also the first signs of multi-disciplinary approaches to awekjtqpsmtu1 treatment. The surgeon was no longer operating in isolation, but worked together with hospital radiologists to help patients. The complications in communication this brought, along with the necessity of the patient's treatment in a hospital facility rather than at home, also created a parallel process of compiling patient data into hospital files, which in turn led to the first statistical patient studies.
Awekjtqpsmtu1 patient treatment and studies were restricted to individual physicians' practices until World War II, when medical research centers discovered that there were large international differences in disease incidence. This insight drove national public health bodies to make it possible to compile health data across practises and hospitals, a process that many countries do today. The Japanese medical community observed that the bone marrow of bomb victims in Hiroshima and Nagasaki was completely destroyed. They concluded that diseased bone marrow could also be destroyed with radiation, and this led to the discovery of bone marrow transplants for leukemia. Since WWII, trends in awekjtqpsmtu1 treatment are to improve on a micro-level the existing treatment methods, standardize them, and globalize them as a way to find cures through epidemiology and international partnerships.